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La Candelaria - Ojos del Salado, Santos, Alcaparrosa, Espanola
Chile
Main commodities: Cu Au Ag




The most recent source geological information used to prepare this description was dated: 2022.     Record last updated: 04/05/2023
This description is a summary from published sources, the chief of which are listed below.
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Candelaria

    Selected References
Arevalo C, Grocott G, Martin W, Pringle M and Taylor G,  2006 - Structural Setting of the Candelaria Fe Oxide Cu-Au Deposit, Chilean Andes: in    Econ. Geol.   v101 pp 819-841
Chen H,  2010 - Mesozoic IOCG Mineralisation in the Central Andes: an Updated Review: in Porter T M, (Ed),  2010 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v.3 pp. 259-272
Chen H, Cooke D R and Baker M J,  2013 - Mesozoic Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Central Andes and the Gondwana Supercontinent Breakup: in    Econ. Geol.   v.108 pp. 37-44
Corriveau, L., Montreuil, J.-F., Potter, E.G, Blein, O. and De Toni, A.F.,  2022 - Mineral systems with IOCG and affiliated deposits: Part 3 - metal pathways and ore deposit model,: in Corriveau, L., Potter, E.G. and Mumin, A.H., (Eds.), 2022 Mineral systems with iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits, Geological Association of Canada,   Special Paper 52, pp. 205-245.
del Real, I., Thompson, J.F.H. and Carriedo, J.,  2018 - Lithological and structural controls on the genesis of the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre Iron Oxide Copper Gold district, Northern Chile: in    Ore Geology Reviews   v.102, pp. 106-153. doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.08.034.
del Real, I., Thompson, J.F.H., Simon, A.C. and Reich, M.,  2020 - Geochemical and Isotopic Signature of Pyrite as a Proxy for Fluid Source and Evolution in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre Iron Oxide Copper-Gold District, Chile: in    Econ. Geol.   v.115, pp. 1493-1518.
Huang, X.-W. and Beaudoin, G.,  2019 - Textures and Chemical Compositions of Magnetite from Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) and Kiruna-Type Iron Oxide-Apatite (IOA) Deposits and Their Implications for Ore Genesis and Magnetite Classification Schemes: in    Econ. Geol.   v.114, pp. 953-979.
Marschik R and Fontbote L,  2001 - The Punta del Cobre Formation, Punta del Cobre-Candelaria area, Chile: in    J. of South American Earth Sciences   v14 pp 401-433
Marschik R and Sollner F,   2006 - Early Cretaceous U-Pb zircon ages for the Copiapo plutonic complex and implications for the IOCG mineralization at Candelaria, Atacama Region, Chile : in    Mineralium Deposita   v41 pp 785-801
Marschik R, Chiaradia M, Fontbote L  2003 - Implications of Pb isotope signatures of rocks and iron oxide Cu-Au ores in the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district, Chile: in    Mineralium Deposita   v38 pp 900-912
Marschik R, Fontbote L  2001 - The Candelaria-Punta del Cobre Iron Oxide Cu-Au(-Zn-Ag) deposits, Chile: in    Econ. Geol.   v96 pp 1799-1826
Marschik R, Fontbote L  1996 - Copper (-iron) mineralization and superposition of alteration events in the Punta del Cobre Belt, Northern Chile: in Camus E, Sillitoe R H, Peterson R (Eds), 1996 Andean Copper Deposits: New Discoveries, Mineralisation, Styles and Metallogeny Soc. Econ. Geol.   Spec Pub no. 5 pp 171-190
Marschik R, Leveille R A, Martin W  2000 - La Candelaria and the Punta del Cobre district, Chile: Early Cretaceous iron oxide Cu-Au(Zn-Ag) mineralisation: in Porter T M (Ed), 2000 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold & Related Deposits: A Global Perspective PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v1 pp. 163-175
Marschik, R, and Kendrick, M.A.,  2015 - Noble gas and halogen constraints on fluid sources in iron oxide-copper-gold mineralization: Mantoverde and La Candelaria, Northern Chile: in    Mineralium Deposita   v.50 pp. 357-371
Mathur R, Marschik R, Ruiz J, Munizaga F, Leveille R A, Martin W  2002 - Age of mineralization of the Candelaria Fe oxide Cu-Au deposit and the origin of the Chilean Iron Belt, based on Re-Os isotopes: in    Econ. Geol.   v97 pp 59-71
Oyarzun R, Rodr’guez M, PincheiraM, Doblas M, Helle S  1999 - The Candelaria (Cu-Fe-Au) and Punta del Cobre (Cu-Fe) deposits (Copiapo, Chile): a case for extension-related granitoid emplacement and mineralization processes?: in    Mineralium Deposita   v34 pp 799-801
Porter T M,  2010 - Current Understanding of Iron Oxide Associated-Alkali Altered Mineralised Systems: Part II, A Review: in Porter T M, (Ed),  2010 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v.3 pp. 33-106
Richards, J.P., Lopez, G.P., Zhu, J-.J., Creaser, R.A., Locock, A.J. and Mumin, A.H.,  2017 - Contrasting Tectonic Settings and Sulfur Contents of Magmas Associated with Cretaceous Porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au and Intrusion-Related Iron Oxide Cu-Au Deposits in Northern Chile: in    Econ. Geol.   v.112, pp. 295-318.
Rodriguez-Mustafa, M.A., Simon, A.C., del Real, I., Thompson, J.F.H., Bilenker, L.D., Barra, F,. Bindeman, I. and Cadwell, D.,  2020 - A Continuum from Iron Oxide Copper-Gold to Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposits: Evidence from Fe and O Stable Isotopes and Trace Element Chemistry of Magnetite: in    Econ. Geol.   v.115, pp. 1443-1459.
Ryan P J, Lawrence A L, Jenkins R A, Matthews J P, Zamora J C, Marino E, Diaz I U  1995 - The Candelaria copper-gold deposit, Chile: in Pierce F W, Bolm J G, (Eds),  Porphyry Copper Deposits of the American Cordillera Arizona Geological Society    Digest 20 pp 625-645.
Sillitoe R H  2003 - Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits: an Andean view: in    Mineralium Deposita   v38 pp 787-812
Tornos F, Wiedenbeck M and Velasco F,  2012 - The boron isotope geochemistry of tourmaline-rich alteration in the IOCG systems of northern Chile: implications for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin: in  2012  Mineralium Deposita   v.47 pp. 483-499
Ullrich T D, Clark A H  1999 - The Candelaria copper-gold deposit, Region III, Chile: Paragenesis, geochronology and fluid composition: in Stanley, et. al., (Eds),  Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing Balkema, Rotterdam    pp 201-204
Williams P J, Barton M D, Johnson D A, Fontbote L, de Haller A, Mark G, Oliver N H S and Marschik R,  2005 - Iron oxide copper-gold deposits: Geology, space-time distribution and possible modes of origin: in Hedenquist J W, Thompson J F H, Goldfarb R J and Richards J P (Eds.), 2005 Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, Society of Economic Geologists, Denver,    pp 371-405
Williams, P. J., Kendrick, M.A. and Xavier, R.P.,  2010 - Sources of Ore Fluid Components in IOCG Deposits: in Porter T M, (Ed), 2010 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v.3, pp. 107-116.
Zhu, Z.,  2016 - Gold in iron oxide copper-gold deposits: in    Ore Geology Reviews   v.72, pp. 37-42.


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