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Stillwater Complex - Stillwater, East Boulder
Montana, USA
Main commodities: PGE PGM




The most recent source geological information used to prepare this description was dated: 2020.     Record last updated: 19/04/2021
This description is a summary from published sources, the chief of which are listed below.
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Stillwater

East Boulder

    Selected References
Aird, H.M., Ferguson, K.M., Lehrer, M.L. and Boudreau, A.E.,  2017 - A study of the trace sulfide mineral assemblages in the Stillwater Complex, Montana, USA: in    Mineralium Deposita   v.52, pp. 361-382.
Attanasi, E.D. and Bawiec, W.J.,  1987 - A Resource Assessment of Copper and Nickel Sulfides within the Mountain View Area of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: in    Contributions on ore deposits in the early magmatic environment; B,   US Geological Survey bulletin 1674-B, 36p.
Barnes S J, Naldrett A J  1985 - Geochemistry of the J-M (Howland) reef of the Stillwater complex, Minneapolis adit area. 1. Sulfide geochemistry and Sulfide-Olivine equilibrium: in    Econ. Geol.   v80 pp 627-645
Barnes, S.-J., Page, P. and Zientek, M.L.  2020 - The Lower Banded series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: whole-rock lithophile, chalcophile, and platinum-group element distributions: in    Mineralium Deposita   v.55, pp. 163-186.
Barnes, S.-J., Page, P., Prichard, H.M., Zientek, M.L. and Fisher, P.C.,  2016 - Chalcophile and platinum-group element distribution in the Ultramafic series of the Stillwater Complex, MT, USA - implications for processes enriching chromite layers in Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh: in    Mineralium Deposita   v.51, pp. 25-47.
Boudreau A E, McCallum I S  1986 - Investigations of the Stillwater complex: III. The Picket Pin Pt/Pd deposit: in    Econ. Geol.   v81 pp 1953-1975
Conn, H.K.,  1979 - The Johns-Manville Platinum-Palladium Prospect, Stillwater Complex, Montana, U.S.A.: in    Canadian Mineralogist   v.17, pp. 463-468.
Ernst R.E., Liikane D.A., Jowitt S.M., Buchan K.L. and Blanchard, J.A.,  2019 - A new plumbing system framework for mantle plume-related continental Large Igneous Provinces and their mafic-ultramafic intrusions: in    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,   v.384, pp. 75-84. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.007.
Godel B and Barnes S-J,  2008 - Image Analysis and Composition of Platinum-Group Minerals in the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex : in    Econ. Geol.   v.103 pp. 637-651
Godel B, Barnes S-J and Maier W D,   2006 - 3-D Distribution of Sulphide Minerals in the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex, South Africa) and the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex, USA) and their Relationship to Microstructures Using X-Ray Computed Tomography : in    J. of Petrology   v47 pp 1853-1872
Irvine T N, Keith D W, Todd S G  1983 - The J-M Platinum-Palladium Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: II Origin by double-diffusive convective magma mixing and implications for the Bushveld Complex: in    Econ. Geol.   v78 pp 1287-1334
Jenkins, M.C., Mungall, J.E., Zientek, M.L., Holick, P. and Butak, K.,  2020 - The Nature and Composition of the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana, USA: in    Econ. Geol.   v.115, pp. 1799-1826.
Lambert D D, Simmons E C  1988 - Magma evolution in the Stillwater Complex, Montana: II. Rare earth element evidence for the formation of the J-M Reef: in    Econ. Geol.   v83 pp 1109-1126
Mansur, E.T., Barnes, S.-J. and Duran, C.J.,  2021 - An overview of chalcophile element contents of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite from magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits: in    Mineralium Deposita   v.56, pp. 179-204.
McCallum, I.S.,  1996 - The Stillwater Complex: in    Developments in Petrology   v.15, pp. 441-483.
Meurer, W.P. and Meure, M.E.S.,  2005 - Using apatite to dispel the trapped liquid concept and to understand the loss of interstitial liquid by compaction in mafic cumulates: an example from the Stillwater Complex, Montana: in    Contrib. to Mineralogy & Petrology   v.151, pp. 187-201.
Mungall, J.E., Jenkins, M.C., Robb, S.J., Yao, Z. and Brenan, J.M.,  2020 - Upgrading of magmatic sulfides, revisited: in    Econ. Geol.   v.115, pp. 1827-1833.
Naldrett A J,  2004 - Deposits in layered intrusions (extract) - Stillwater Complex: in Naldrett A J, 2004 Magmatic Sulfide Deposits: Geology, Geochemistry and Exploration, Springer, Heidelberg,    pp 523-531
Polovina J S, Hudson D M, Jones R E,  2004 - Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of postmagmatic hydrothermal alteration and mineralization in the J-M Reef, Stillwater Complex, Montana - **CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE**: in    The Canadian Mineralogist   v42 pp 261-277
Raedeke L D, Vian R W  1986 - A three-dimensional view of mineralization in the Stillwater J-M Reef: in    Econ. Geol.   v81 pp 1187-1195
Ripley, E.M., Wernette, B.W., Ayre, A., Li, C., Smith, J.M., Underwood, B.S. and Keays, R.R.,  2017 - Multiple S isotope studies of the Stillwater Complex and country rocks: An assessment of the role of crustal S in the origin of PGE enrichment found in the J-M Reef and related rocks: in    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta   v.214, pp. 226-245.
Song, X., Wang, Y. and Chen, L.,  2011 - Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in magma plumbing systems: Features, formation and exploration: in    Geoscience Frontiers   v.2, pp. 375-384.
Spandler, C., Mavrogenes, J. and Arculus, R.,  2005 - Origin of chromitites in layered intrusions: Evidence from chromite-hosted melt inclusions from the Stillwater Complex: in    Geology   v.33, pp. 893-896.
Todd S G, Keith D W, Le Roy L W  1982 - The J-M Platinum-Palladium Reef of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: I. Stratigraphy and petrology: in    Econ. Geol.   v77 pp1454-1480
Wall, C.J. and Scoates, J.S.,  2016 - High-Precision U-Pb Zircon-Baddeleyite Dating of the J-M Reef Platinum Group Element Deposit in the Stillwater Complex, Montana (USA): in    Econ. Geol.   v.111, pp. 771-782.
Wall, C.J., Scoates, J.S., Weis, D., Friedman, R.M., Amini, M. and Meurer, W.P.,  2018 - The Stillwater Complex: Integrating Zircon Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Age, Emplacement History and Crystallization of a Large, Open-System Layered Intrusion: in    J. of Petrology   v.59, pp. 153-190. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egy024.
Zientek M L, Ripley E M  1990 - Sulfur isotope studies of the Stillwater complex and associated rocks, Montana: in    Econ. Geol.   v85 pp 376-391


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