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Gawler Craton and Olympic Iron Oxide Copper Gold Uranium (IOCG) Province
South Australia, SA, Australia
Main commodities: Cu Au U REE Fe




The most recent source geological information used to prepare this description was dated: 2019.     Record last updated: 20/05/2021
This description is a summary from published sources, the chief of which are listed below.
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    Selected References
Armit, R.J.,. Betts, P.G., Schaefer, B.F., Pankhurst, M.J. and Giles, D.,  2104 - Provenance of the Early Mesoproterozoic Radium Creek Group in the northern Mount Painter Inlier: Correlating isotopic signatures to inform tectonic reconstructions: in    Precambrian Research   v.243, pp. 63-87.
Bastrakov E N, Skirrow R G and Davidson G J,  2007 - Fluid Evolution and Origins of Iron Oxide Cu-Au Prospects in the Olympic Dam District, Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1415-1440
Brauhart, C.W. and Groves, D.I.,  2026 - Australian intracratonic copper-gold and allied deposits: A clan of mineral systems: in    Gondwana Research   v.149, pp. 158-182. doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.011.
Brotodewo, A., Tiddy, C., Zivak, D., Fabris, A. and Giles, D.,  2021 - Geochemical discrimination of igneous zircon in the Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Australian J. of Earth Sciences   v.68, pp. 557-579. doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2021.1825993
Budd A R and Skirrow R G,  2007 - The Nature and Origin of Gold Deposits of the Tarcoola Goldfield and Implications for the Central Gawler Gold Province, South Australia: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1541-1563
Chapman, N.D., Ferguson, M., Meffre, S.J., Stepanov, A., Maas, R. and Ehrig, K.J.,  2019 - Pb-isotopic constraints on the source of A-type Suites: Insights from the Hiltaba Suite - Gawler Range Volcanics Magmatic Event, Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Lithos   v.346-347, doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105156.
Courtney-Davies, L., Ciobanu, C.L., Verdugo-Ihla, M.R., Cook, N.J., Ehrig, K., Wade, B.P., Zhu, Z.-Y. and Kamenetsky, V.S.,  2020 - ~1760 Ma magnetite-bearing protoliths in the Olympic Dam deposit, South Australia: Implications for ore genesis and regional metallogeny: in    Ore Geology Reviews   v.118, doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103337.
Curtis, S. and Thiel, S.,  2019 - Identifying lithospheric boundaries using magnetotellurics and Nd isotope geochemistry: An example from the Gawler Craton, Australia: in    Precambrian Research   v.320, pp. 403-423.
Curtis, S., Wade, C. and Reid, A.,  2018 - Sedimentary basin formation associated with a silicic large igneous province: stratigraphy and provenance of the Mesoproterozoic Roopena Basin, Gawler Range Volcanics: in    Australian J. of Earth Sciences   v.65, pp. 447-463.
Davidson G J, Paterson H, Meffre S and Berry R F,  2007 - Characteristics and Origin of the Oak Dam East Breccia-Hosted, Iron Oxide Cu-U-(Au) Deposit: Olympic Dam Region, Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1471-1498
Direen N G and Lyons P,  2007 - Regional Crustal Setting of Iron Oxide Cu-Au Mineral Systems of the Olympic Dam Region, South Australia: Insights from Potential-Field Modeling: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1397-1414
Ernst R.E., Liikane D.A., Jowitt S.M., Buchan K.L. and Blanchard, J.A.,  2019 - A new plumbing system framework for mantle plume-related continental Large Igneous Provinces and their mafic-ultramafic intrusions: in    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,   v.384, pp. 75-84. doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.007.
Fabris, A.,  2022 - Geochemical characteristics of IOCG deposits from the Olympic Copper-Gold Province, South Australia: in Corriveau, L., Potter, E.G. and Mumin, A.H., (Eds.), 2022 Mineral systems with iron oxide coppergold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits Geological Association of Canada,   Special Paper 52, pp. 247-262.
Forbes, C., Giles, D., Freeman, H., Sawyer, M. and Normington, V.,  2015 - Glacial dispersion of hydrothermal monazite in the Prominent Hill deposit: An exploration tool: in    J. of Geochemical Exploration   v.156, pp. 10-33.
Fraser G L, Skirrow R G, Schmidt-Mumm A and Holm O,  2007 - Mesoproterozoic Gold in the Central Gawler Craton, South Australia: Geology, Alteration, Fluids, and Timing: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1511-1539
Hand M, Reid A and Jagodzinski L,  2007 - Tectonic Framework and Evolution of the Gawler Craton, Southern Australia: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1377-1395
Heinson, G., Didana, Y., Soeffky, P., Thiel, S. and Wise, T.,  2018 - The crustal geophysical signature of a world-class magmatic mineral system: in    Scientific Reports   2018:8, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29016-2.
Huang, Q., Kamenetsky, V.S., Ehrig, K., McPhie, J., Kamenetsky, M., Cross, K., Meffre, S., Agangi, A, Chambefort, I., Direen, N.G., Maas, R. and Apukhtina, O.,  2016 - Olivine-phyric basalt in the Mesoproterozoic Gawler silicic large igneous province, South Australia: Examples at the Olympic Dam Iron Oxide Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit and other localities: in    Precambrian Research   v.281, pp. 185-199.
Huang, Q., Kamenetsky, V.S., McPhie, J., Ehrig, K., Meffre, S., Maas, R., Thompson, J., Kamenetsky, M., Chambefort, I., Apukhtina, O. and Hu, Y.,  2015 - Neoproterozoic (ca. 820-830 Ma) mafic dykes at Olympic Dam, South Australia: Links with the Gairdner Large Igneous Province: in    Precambrian Research   v.271, pp. 160-172.
Jagodzinski, E.A., Crowley, J.L., Reid, A.J., Wade, C.E. and Bockmann, M.J.,  2021 - High-precision CA-TIMS dating of the Hiltaba Suite, Gawler Craton: in    Department for Energy and Mining, South Australia, Adelaide,   Report Book 2021/00002, 63p.
Katona, L.,  2020 - Geophysical signatures of IOCG prospects in the Olympic Cu-Au Province: in    Mesa Journal   v.92, pp. 26-37.
Kontonikas-Charos, A., Ciobanu, C.L., Cook, N.J., Ehrig, K., Krneta, S. and Kamenetsky, V.S.,  2017 - Feldspar evolution in the Roxby Downs Granite, host to Fe-oxide Cu-Au-(U) mineralisation at Olympic Dam, South Australia: in    Ore Geology Reviews   v.80, pp. 838-859.
Morrissey, L., Barovich, K., Hand, M., Howard, K., Payne, J. and Reid, A.,  2018 - The final event in the long evolution of the Gawler Craton: new constraints on 1450 Ma metamorphism and magmatism: in    Mesa Journal,   v.88/3, pp. 4-11.
Morrissey, L.J., Barovich, K.M., Hand, M., Howard, K.E, and Payne, J.L.,  2019 - Magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.45 Ga in the northern Gawler Craton: The Australian record of rifting within Nuna (Columbia): in    Geoscience Frontiers   v.10, pp. 175-194. doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.07.006.
Payne, J.L., Hand, M., Barovich, K.M. and Wade, B.P.,  2008 - Temporal constraints on the timing of high-grade metamorphism in the northern Gawler Craton: implications for assembly of the Australian Proterozoic: in    Australian J. of Earth Sciences   v.55, pp. 623-640.
Pollett, A., Thiel, S., Bendall, B., Raimondo, T. and Hand, M.,  2019 - Mapping the Gawler Craton-Musgrave Province interface using integrated heat flow and magnetotellurics: in    Tectonophysics   v.756, pp. 43-56.
Porter T M,  2010 - Current Understanding of Iron Oxide Associated-Alkali Altered Mineralised Systems: Part II, A Review: in Porter T M, (Ed),  2010 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v.3 pp. 33-106
Porter T M,  2010 - Current Understanding of Iron Oxide Associated-Alkali Altered Mineralised Systems: Part II, A Review: in Porter T M, (Ed),  2010 Hydrothermal Iron Oxide Copper-Gold and Related Deposits: A Global Perspective, PGC Publishing, Adelaide   v.3 pp. 33-106
Reid, A. and Forster, M.,  2021 - Mesoproterozoic thermal evolution of the northern Gawler Craton from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology: in    Precambrian Research   v.358, 16p. doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106180.
Reid, A.,  2019 - The Olympic Cu-Au Province, Gawler Craton: A Review of the Lithospheric Architecture, Geodynamic Setting, Alteration Systems, Cover Successions and Prospectivity: in    Minerals (MDPI)   v.9, issue 6, 37p.
Reid, A.J. and Fabris, A.,  2015 - Influence of Preexisting Low Metamorphic Grade Sedimentary Successions on the Distribution of Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Mineralization in the Olympic Cu-Au Province, Gawler Craton: in    Econ. Geol.   v.110, pp. 2147-2157
Reid, A.J. and Payne, J.L.,  2017 - Magmatic zircon Lu-Hf isotopic record of juvenile addition and crustal reworking in the Gawler Craton, Australia: in    Lithos   v.292-293, pp. 294-306.
Reid, A.J., Jagodzinski, E.A., Armit, R.J., Dutch, R.A., Kirkland, C.L., Betts, P.G. and Schaefer, B.F.,  2014 - U-Pb and Hf isotopic evidence for Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoicbasement in the buried northern Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Precambrian Research   v.250, pp. 127-142.
Rutherford, L., Hand, M. and Barovich, K.,  2007 - Timing of Proterozoic metamorphism in the southern Curnamona Province: implications for tectonic models and continental reconstructions: in    Australian J. of Earth Sciences   v.54, pp. 65-81.
Selway, K., Ozaydın, S. and Payne, J.,  2023 - Metasomatism and depletion of the southern Gawler Craton from combined mantle xenocryst and AusLAMP magnetotelluric data: in    Exploration Geophysics,   20 Nov 2023, doi.org/10.1080/08123985.2023.2282711
Skirrow R G, Bastrakov E N, Barovich K, Fraser G L, Creaser R A, Fanning C M, Raymond O L and Davidson G J,  2007 - Timing of Iron Oxide Cu-Au-(U) Hydrothermal Activity and Nd Isotope Constraints on Metal Sources in the Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Econ. Geol.   v102 pp 1441-1470
Skirrow, R.G.,  2021 - Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits - a review (part 1): settings, mineralogy, ore geochemistry, and classification within the Cu-Au-Fe (±Co, REE) deposit family: in    Preprint accepted Nov 2021, for Ore Geology Reviews,    71p. doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104569
Skirrow, R.G.,  2022 - Hematite-group IOCG ±U deposits: an update on their tectonic settings, hydrothermal characteristics, and Cu-Au-U mineralizing processes: in Corriveau, L., Potter, E.G. and Mumin, A.H., (Eds.), 2022 Mineral systems with iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits, Geological Association of Canada,   Special Paper 52, pp. 27-51.
Tiddy, C., Zivak, D., Hill, J., Giles, D., Hodgkison, J., Neumann, M. and Brotodewo, A.,  2021 - Monazite as an Exploration Tool for Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Mineralisation in the Gawler Craton, South Australia: in    Minerals (MDPI)   v.11, 30p. doi.org/10.3390/min11080809.
Tiddy, C.J., Betts, P.G., Neumann, M.R., Murphy, F.C., Stewart, J., Giles, D., Sawyer, M., Freeman, H. and Jourdan, F.,  2020 - Interpretation of a ca. 1600-1580 Ma metamorphic core complex in the northern Gawler Craton, Australia: in    Gondwana Research   v.85, pp. 263-290.
Wade, C.E., McAvaney, S.O., Gordon, G.A. and Keeling, J.L.,  2014 - Epithermal-style textures, brecciation, veining and alteration, southern Gawler Ranges margin, South Australia: in    Department of State Development, South Australia, Adelaide,   Report Book 2014/00009 123p.
Wade, C.E., Payne, J.L., Barovich, K.M. and Reid, A.J.,  2019 - Heterogeneity of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle and non-juvenile mantle additions to a Proterozoic silicic large igneous province: in    Lithos   v.340-341, pp. 87-107.
Wade, C.E., Reid, A.J., Payne, J.L. and Barovich, K.M.,  2019 - The link is in the geochemistry: how we know a metasomatised mantle underlies the mineral systems of the Gawler Craton: in    Mesa Journal   v.90, pp. 42-47.
Wade, C.E., Reid, A.J., Wingate, M.T.D., Jagodzinski, E.A. and Barovich, K.,  2012 - Geochemistry and geochronology of the c. 1585 Ma Benagerie Volcanic Suite, southern Australia: Relationship to the Gawler Range Volcanics and implications for the petrogenesis of a Mesoproterozoic silicic large igneous province: in    Ore Geology Reviews   v.206-207, pp. 17-35.
Wise, T. and Thiel, S.,  2020 - Proterozoic tectonothermal processes imaged with magnetotellurics and seismic reflection in southern Australia: in    Geoscience Frontiers   v.11, pp. 885-893. doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.09.006.


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